本页总览

基本用法

以下示例演示了 GPIO Zero 库的部分功能。请注意，所有配方都是假设 Python 3 编写的。在 Python 2 下可能也能运行，但并不保证！

导入 GPIO Zero

在 Python 中，脚本中使用的库和函数必须在文件顶部按名称导入，Python 默认内置的函数除外。

例如，要使用 GPIO Zero 中的 Button 接口，必须明确导入：

from gpiozero import Button

现在 Button 可以直接在脚本中使用了：

button = Button(2)

或者，也可以导入整个 GPIO Zero 库：

import gpiozero

在这种情况下，对 GPIO Zero 中所有项目的引用都必须加上前缀：

button = gpiozero.Button(2)

引脚编号

该库的 GPIO 引脚使用 Broadcom (BCM) 引脚编号，而非物理 (BOARD) 编号。与 RPi.GPIO 库不同的是，它不可配置。不过，可以通过为引脚编号提供前缀来转换其他方案（见下文）。

下图中任何标有 GPIO 的引脚都可以用作引脚编号。例如，如果 LED 连接到 GPIO17，则应将引脚编号指定为 17，而不是 11：

GPIO 引脚布局3V3PowerGPIO2SDA I²CGPIO3SCL I²CGPIO4GroundGPIO17GPIO27GPIO223V3PowerGPIO10SPI MOSIGPIO9SPI MISOGPIO11SPI SCLKGroundID SDI²C IDGPIO5GPIO6GPIO13GPIO19GPIO26Ground5VPower5VPowerGroundGPIO14UART0 TXDGPIO15UART0 RXDGPIO18GroundGPIO23GPIO24GroundGPIO25GPIO8SPI CE0GPIO7SPI CE1ID SCI²C IDGroundGPIO12GroundGPIO16GPIO20GPIO21All Models40-pinmodels only113579111315171921232527293133353739246810121416182022242628303234363840USB Ports

如果希望使用物理（BOARD）编号，则可将引脚编号指定为 BOARD11。如果您熟悉 wiringPi 引脚编号（另一种物理布局），可以使用 WPI0 来代替。最后，还�可以将引脚指定为 header:number（头：编号），例如 J8:11 表示头 J8（现代 Pis 上的 GPIO 头）上的物理引脚 11。因此，以下几行都是等价的：

led = LED(17)

led = LED("GPIO17")

led = LED("BCM17")

led = LED("BOARD11")

led = LED("WPI0")

led = LED("J8:11")

请注意，这些备用方案只是转换。如果您在命令行上请求设备状态，相关引脚编号将始终以 Broadcom (BCM) 方案报告：

led = LED("BOARD11")

led

<gpiozero.LED object on pin GPIO17, active_high=True, is_active=False>

在本手册中，我们将按照上图所示的 Broadcom (BCM) 布局使用默认的整数引脚编号。

LED (`LED`)

LED 接线图Raspberry Pi Model 2 v1.1© Raspberry Pi 2014http://www.raspberrypi.orgPowerHDMIAudioUSB 2xUSB 2xETHERNETDSI (DISPLAY)CSI (CAMERA)GPIO

反复打开和关闭 LED：

from gpiozero import LED

from time import sleep

red = LED(17)

while True:

red.on()

sleep(1)

red.off()

sleep(1)

或者

from gpiozero import LED

from signal import pause

red = LED(17)

red.blink()

pause()

提示

Python 脚本结束时会终止进程，GPIO 可能会被重置。请使用 signal.pause() 使脚本继续运行。更多信息，请参阅如何保持脚本运行？

亮度可变的 LED

LED 接线图Raspberry Pi Model 2 v1.1© Raspberry Pi 2014http://www.raspberrypi.orgPowerHDMIAudioUSB 2xUSB 2xETHERNETDSI (DISPLAY)CSI (CAMERA)GPIO

任何普通 LED 都可以使用 PWM（脉宽调制）设置其亮度值。在 GPIO Zero 中，可以使用 PWMLED（亮度值在 0 和 1 之间）来实现这一功能：

from gpiozero import PWMLED

from time import sleep

led = PWMLED(17)

while True:

led.value = 0  # off

sleep(1)

led.value = 0.5  # half brightness

sleep(1)

led.value = 1  # full brightness

sleep(1)

与连续闪亮和熄灭类似，PWMLED 也可以脉冲（连续淡入淡出）：

from gpiozero import PWMLED

from signal import pause

led = PWMLED(17)

led.pulse()

pause()

按钮 (`Button`)

Button 接线图Raspberry Pi Model 2 v1.1© Raspberry Pi 2014http://www.raspberrypi.orgPowerHDMIAudioUSB 2xUSB 2xETHERNETDSI (DISPLAY)CSI (CAMERA)GPIO

检查 Button 是否被按下：

from gpiozero import Button

button = Button(2)

while True:

if button.is_pressed:

print("Button is pressed")

else:

print("Button is not pressed")

等待按下按钮后再继续：

from gpiozero import Button

button = Button(2)

button.wait_for_press()

print("Button was pressed")

每次按下按钮都运行一个功能：

from gpiozero import Button

from signal import pause

def say_hello():

print("Hello!")

button = Button(2)

button.when_pressed = say_hello

pause()

提示

请注意，button.when_pressed = say_hello 这一行并不运行 say_hello 函数，而是创建一个指向按下按钮时要调用的函数的引用。意外使用 button.when_pressed = say_hello()，会将 when_pressed 操作设置为 None（该函数的返回值），这意味着按下��按钮时什么也不会发生。

同样，按钮释放也可以附加功能：

from gpiozero import Button

from signal import pause

def say_hello():

print("Hello!")

def say_goodbye():

print("Goodbye!")

button = Button(2)

button.when_pressed = say_hello

button.when_released = say_goodbye

pause()

按钮控制 LED

Button 控制 LED 接线图7115510101515202025253030AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJRaspberry Pi Model 2 v1.1© Raspberry Pi 2014http://www.raspberrypi.orgPowerHDMIAudioUSB 2xUSB 2xETHERNETDSI (DISPLAY)CSI (CAMERA)GPIO

按下 Button 时打开 LED：

from gpiozero import LED, Button

from signal import pause

led = LED(17)

button = Button(2)

button.when_pressed = led.on

button.when_released = led.off

pause()

或者

from gpiozero import LED, Button

from signal import pause

led = LED(17)

button = Button(2)

led.source = button

pause()

按钮控制摄像头

使用 button.when_pressed = camera.capture 来触发 PiCamera 拍照是行不通的，因为 capture() 方法需要一个 输出 参数。不过，可以使用无需参数的自定义函数来实现：

from gpiozero import Button

from picamera import PiCamera

from datetime import datetime

from signal import pause

button = Button(2)

camera = PiCamera()

def capture():

camera.capture(f'/home/pi/{datetime.now():%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S}.jpg')

button.when_pressed = capture

pause()

另一个例子是使用一个按钮来启动和停止摄像头预览，另一个按钮用来捕捉：

from gpiozero import Button

from picamera import PiCamera

from datetime import datetime

from signal import pause

left_button = Button(2)

right_button = Button(3)

camera = PiCamera()

def capture():

camera.capture(f'/home/pi/{datetime.now():%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S}.jpg')

left_button.when_pressed = camera.start_preview

left_button.when_released = camera.stop_preview

right_button.when_pressed = capture

pause()

关机按钮

Button 类还提供了在按住按钮一定时间后运行函数的功能。本示例将在按住按钮 2 秒时关闭 Raspberry Pi：

from gpiozero import Button

from subprocess import check_call

from signal import pause

def shutdown():

check_call(['sudo', 'poweroff'])

shutdown_btn = Button(17, hold_time=2)

shutdown_btn.when_held = shutdown

pause()

LED板 (`LEDBoard`)

LED板接线图7115510101515202025253030AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJRaspberry Pi Model 2 v1.1© Raspberry Pi 2014http://www.raspberrypi.orgPowerHDMIAudioUSB 2xUSB 2xETHERNETDSI (DISPLAY)CSI (CAMERA)GPIO

使用 LEDBoard 可以访问 LED 集合：

from gpiozero import LEDBoard

from time import sleep

from signal import pause

leds = LEDBoard(5, 6, 13, 19, 26)

leds.on()

sleep(1)

leds.off()

sleep(1)

leds.value = (1, 0, 1, 0, 1)

sleep(1)

leds.blink()

pause()

使用 pwm=True 的 LEDBoard 可以控制每个 LED 的亮度：

from gpiozero import LEDBoard

from signal import pause

leds = LEDBoard(5, 6, 13, 19, 26, pwm=True)

leds.value = (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0)

pause()

在高级 LEDBoard 方案中查看更多 LEDBoard 示例。

LED条形图 (`LEDBarGraph`)

LED条形图接线图7115510101515202025253030AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJRaspberry Pi Model 2 v1.1© Raspberry Pi 2014http://www.raspberrypi.orgPowerHDMIAudioUSB 2xUSB 2xETHERNETDSI (DISPLAY)CSI (CAMERA)GPIO

使用 LEDBarGraph 可以像条形图一样处理 LED 集合：

from gpiozero import LEDBarGraph

from time import sleep

graph = LEDBarGraph(5, 6, 13, 19, 26, 20)

graph.value = 1  # (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)

sleep(1)

graph.value = 1/2  # (1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0)

sleep(1)

graph.value = -1/2  # (0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1)

sleep(1)

graph.value = 1/4  # (1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)

sleep(1)

graph.value = -1  # (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)

sleep(1)

由于 LED 只能在 pwm=False 时开启或关闭（默认值），因此数值基本上是四舍五入的。

不过，在 pwm=True 时使用 LEDBarGraph 可以使用 LED 亮度获得更精确的数值：

from gpiozero import LEDBarGraph

from time import sleep

graph = LEDBarGraph(5, 6, 13, 19, 26, pwm=True)

graph.value = 1/10  # (0.5, 0, 0, 0, 0)

sleep(1)

graph.value = 3/10  # (1, 0.5, 0, 0, 0)

sleep(1)

graph.value = -3/10  # (0, 0, 0, 0.5, 1)

sleep(1)

graph.value = 9/10  # (1, 1, 1, 1, 0.5)

sleep(1)

graph.value = 95/100  # (1, 1, 1, 1, 0.75)

sleep(1)

LED字符显示屏 (`LEDCharDisplay`)

LED字符显示屏接线图7115510101515202025253030AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJRaspberry Pi Model 2 v1.1© Raspberry Pi 2014http://www.raspberrypi.orgPowerHDMIAudioUSB 2xUSB 2xETHERNETDSI (DISPLAY)CSI (CAMERA)GPIO

使用 LEDCharDisplay（实际上支持任意数量的显示段），可以用普通的 7 段显示来表示各种字符：

from gpiozero import LEDCharDisplay

from time import sleep

display = LEDCharDisplay(21, 20, 16, 22, 23, 24, 12, dp=25)

for char in '321GO':

display.value = char

sleep(1)

display.off()

或者

from gpiozero import LEDCharDisplay

from signal import pause

display = LEDCharDisplay(21, 20, 16, 22, 23, 24, 12, dp=25)

display.source_delay = 1

display.source = '321GO '

pause()

在高级 LEDBoard 方案中查看更多多字符示例。

交通信号灯 (`TrafficLights`)

交通信号灯接线图7115510101515202025253030AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJRaspberry Pi Model 2 v1.1© Raspberry Pi 2014http://www.raspberrypi.orgPowerHDMIAudioUSB 2xUSB 2xETHERNETDSI (DISPLAY)CSI (CAMERA)GPIO

完整的交通灯系统

使用像 Pi-Stop 这样的 TrafficLights 套件：

from gpiozero import TrafficLights

from time import sleep

lights = TrafficLights(2, 3, 4)

lights.green.on()

while True:

sleep(10)

lights.green.off()

lights.amber.on()

sleep(1)

lights.amber.off()

lights.red.on()

sleep(10)

lights.amber.on()

sleep(1)

lights.green.on()

lights.amber.off()

lights.red.off()

或者

from gpiozero import TrafficLights

from time import sleep

from signal import pause

lights = TrafficLights(2, 3, 4)

def traffic_light_sequence():

while True:

yield (0, 0, 1) # green

sleep(10)

yield (0, 1, 0) # amber

sleep(1)

yield (1, 0, 0) # red

sleep(10)

yield (1, 1, 0) # red+amber

sleep(1)

lights.source = traffic_light_sequence()

pause()

使用 LED 组件:

from gpiozero import LED

from time import sleep

red = LED(2)

amber = LED(3)

green = LED(4)

green.on()

amber.off()

red.off()

while True:

sleep(10)

green.off()

amber.on()

sleep(1)

amber.off()

red.on()

sleep(10)

amber.on()

sleep(1)

green.on()

amber.off()

red.off()

组合设计

按钮定格

每次按下按钮时，摄像头模块都会拍摄一张照片：

from gpiozero import Button

from picamera import PiCamera

button = Button(2)

camera = PiCamera()

camera.start_preview()

frame = 1

while True:

button.wait_for_press()

camera.capture(f'/home/pi/frame{frame:03d}.jpg')

frame += 1

请参阅按钮定格获取完整资源。

反应游戏

反应游戏接线图7115510101515202025253030AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJRaspberry Pi Model 2 v1.1© Raspberry Pi 2014http://www.raspberrypi.orgPowerHDMIAudioUSB 2xUSB 2xETHERNETDSI (DISPLAY)CSI (CAMERA)GPIO

当看到灯亮起时，最先按下按钮的人获胜！

from gpiozero import Button, LED

from time import sleep

import random

led = LED(17)

player_1 = Button(2)

player_2 = Button(3)

time = random.uniform(5, 10)

sleep(time)

led.on()

while True:

if player_1.is_pressed:

print("Player 1 wins!")

break

if player_2.is_pressed:

print("Player 2 wins!")

break

led.off()

请参阅快速反应游戏获取完整资源。

GPIO音乐盒

GPIO音乐盒接线图7115510101515202025253030AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJRaspberry Pi Model 2 v1.1© Raspberry Pi 2014http://www.raspberrypi.orgPowerHDMIAudioUSB 2xUSB 2xETHERNETDSI (DISPLAY)CSI (CAMERA)GPIO

每个按钮都会发出不同的声音！

from gpiozero import Button

import pygame.mixer

from pygame.mixer import Sound

from signal import pause

pygame.mixer.init()

button_sounds = {

Button(2): Sound("samples/drum_tom_mid_hard.wav"),

Button(3): Sound("samples/drum_cymbal_open.wav"),

}

for button, sound in button_sounds.items():

button.when_pressed = sound.play

pause()

请参阅 GPIO音乐盒获取完整资源。

按下时全部打开

FishDish：

按下按钮时，蜂鸣器和所有指示灯都会亮起。

from gpiozero import FishDish

from signal import pause

fish = FishDish()

fish.button.when_pressed = fish.on

fish.button.when_released = fish.off

pause()

Ryanteck TrafficHat：（译注：由 Ryanteck 出品的交通灯小板）

from gpiozero import TrafficHat

from signal import pause

th = TrafficHat()

th.button.when_pressed = th.on

th.button.when_released = th.off

pause()

使用 LED，Buzzer，和 Button 组件：

from gpiozero import LED, Buzzer, Button

from signal import pause

button = Button(2)

buzzer = Buzzer(3)

red = LED(4)

amber = LED(5)

green = LED(6)

things = [red, amber, green, buzzer]

def things_on():

for thing in things:

thing.on()

def things_off():

for thing in things:

thing.off()

button.when_pressed = things_on

button.when_released = things_off

pause()

全彩LED (`RGBLED`)

全彩LED 接线图7115510101515202025253030AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJRaspberry Pi Model 2 v1.1© Raspberry Pi 2014http://www.raspberrypi.orgPowerHDMIAudioUSB 2xUSB 2xETHERNETDSI (DISPLAY)CSI (CAMERA)GPIO

用 RGBLED 制作色彩：

from gpiozero import RGBLED

from time import sleep

led = RGBLED(red=9, green=10, blue=11)

led.red = 1  # full red

sleep(1)

led.red = 0.5  # half red

sleep(1)

led.color = (0, 1, 0)  # full green

sleep(1)

led.color = (1, 0, 1)  # magenta

sleep(1)

led.color = (1, 1, 0)  # yellow

sleep(1)

led.color = (0, 1, 1)  # cyan

sleep(1)

led.color = (1, 1, 1)  # white

sleep(1)

led.color = (0, 0, 0)  # off

sleep(1)

# slowly increase intensity of blue

for n in range(100):

led.blue = n/100

sleep(0.1)

运动传感器 (`MotionSensor`)

运动传感器接线图7115510101515202025253030AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJRaspberry Pi Model 2 v1.1© Raspberry Pi 2014http://www.raspberrypi.orgPowerHDMIAudioUSB 2xUSB 2xETHERNETDSI (DISPLAY)CSI (CAMERA)GPIO

当 MotionSensor(运动传感器) 检测到运动时，点亮 LED：

from gpiozero import MotionSensor, LED

from signal import pause

pir = MotionSensor(4)

led = LED(16)

pir.when_motion = led.on

pir.when_no_motion = led.off

pause()

光传感器 (`LightSensor`)

光传感器接线图7115510101515202025253030AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJRaspberry Pi Model 2 v1.1© Raspberry Pi 2014http://www.raspberrypi.orgPowerHDMIAudioUSB 2xUSB 2xETHERNETDSI (DISPLAY)CSI (CAMERA)GPIO

让 LightSensor(光传感器) 检测明暗：

from gpiozero import LightSensor

sensor = LightSensor(18)

while True:

sensor.wait_for_light()

print("It's light! :)")

sensor.wait_for_dark()

print("It's dark :(")

在光线变化时运行功能：

from gpiozero import LightSensor, LED

from signal import pause

sensor = LightSensor(18)

led = LED(16)

sensor.when_dark = led.on

sensor.when_light = led.off

pause()

或使 PWMLED 根据检测到的光亮度改变亮度：

from gpiozero import LightSensor, PWMLED

from signal import pause

sensor = LightSensor(18)

led = PWMLED(16)

led.source = sensor

pause()

距离传感器 (`DistanceSensor`)

距离传感器接线图7115510101515202025253030AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJRaspberry Pi Model 2 v1.1© Raspberry Pi 2014http://www.raspberrypi.orgPowerHDMIAudioUSB 2xUSB 2xETHERNETDSI (DISPLAY)CSI (CAMERA)GPIO

提示

在上图中，从传感器到面包板的导线可以省略；只需将传感器直接插入面包板，面向边缘即可（遗憾的是，如果传感器的示意图没有遮住面包板的大部分，就很难在图中说明这一点！）。

让距离传感器(DistanceSenso) 检测最近物体的距离：

from gpiozero import DistanceSensor

from time import sleep

sensor = DistanceSensor(23, 24)

while True:

print('Distance to nearest object is', sensor.distance, 'm')

sleep(1)

当有东西靠近传感器时，运行一个功能：

from gpiozero import DistanceSensor, LED

from signal import pause

sensor = DistanceSensor(23, 24, max_distance=1, threshold_distance=0.2)

led = LED(16)

sensor.when_in_range = led.on

sensor.when_out_of_range = led.off

pause()

旋转编码器 (`RotaryEncoder`)

旋转编码器接线图7115510101515202025253030AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJRaspberry Pi Model 2 v1.1© Raspberry Pi 2014http://www.raspberrypi.orgPowerHDMIAudioUSB 2xUSB 2xETHERNETDSI (DISPLAY)CSI (CAMERA)GPIO

提示

在本方案中，使用的是普通阳极 RGB LED。通常情况下，Pi 项目会使用共阴极 RGB LED，因为它们在电气上更容易理解。但在本例中，所有三个元件都可以在一个发光旋转编码器中找到，该编码器包含一个共阳极 RGB LED 和一个瞬时按钮。这��也是按钮为低电平有效接线的原因，与本文档中的大多数其他示例相反。

为清晰起见，图中显示了三个独立的组件，但同样的电路也可以用这种常见的发光旋转编码器代替。

将旋转编码器(RotaryEncoder)、RGBLED 和按钮(Button) 作颜色选择器：

from threading import Event

from colorzero import Color

from gpiozero import RotaryEncoder, RGBLED, Button

rotor = RotaryEncoder(16, 20, wrap=True, max_steps=180)

rotor.steps = -180

led = RGBLED(22, 23, 24, active_high=False)

btn = Button(21, pull_up=False)

led.color = Color('#f00')

done = Event()

def change_hue():

# Scale the rotor steps (-180..180) to 0..1

hue = (rotor.steps + 180) / 360

led.color = Color(h=hue, s=1, v=1)

def show_color():

print(f'Hue {led.color.hue.deg:.1f}° = {led.color.html}')

def stop_script():

print('Exiting')

done.set()

print('Select a color by turning the knob')

rotor.when_rotated = change_hue

print('Push the button to see the HTML code for the color')

btn.when_released = show_color

print('Hold the button to exit')

btn.when_held = stop_script

done.wait()

伺服 (`Servo`)

依次在最小位置、中间位置和最大位置之间控制伺服(Servo)：

from gpiozero import Servo

from time import sleep

servo = Servo(17)

while True:

servo.min()

sleep(2)

servo.mid()

sleep(2)

servo.max()

sleep(2)

使用按钮在最小和最大位置之间控制伺服(Servo)：

from gpiozero import Servo, Button

servo = Servo(17)

btn = Button(14)

while True:

servo.min()

btn.wait_for_press()

servo.max()

btn.wait_for_press()

自动伺服(Servo)连续缓慢扫动：

rom gpiozero import Servo

from gpiozero.tools import sin_values

from signal import pause

servo = Servo(17)

servo.source = sin_values()

servo.source_delay = 0.1

pause()

使用角度伺服(AngularServo)可以指定角度：

from gpiozero import AngularServo

from time import sleep

servo = AngularServo(17, min_angle=-90, max_angle=90)

while True:

servo.angle = -90

sleep(2)

servo.angle = -45

sleep(2)

servo.angle = 0

sleep(2)

servo.angle = 45

sleep(2)

servo.angle = 90

sleep(2)

电机 (`Motor`)

电机接线图7115510101515202025253030AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJRaspberry Pi Model 2 v1.1© Raspberry Pi 2014http://www.raspberrypi.orgPowerHDMIAudioUSB 2xUSB 2xETHERNETDSI (DISPLAY)CSI (CAMERA)GPIO

正向和反向旋转电机(Motor)：

from gpiozero import Motor

from time import sleep

motor = Motor(forward=4, backward=14)

while True:

motor.forward()

sleep(5)

motor.backward()

sleep(5)

机器人 (`Robot`)

机器人接线图7115510101515202025253030AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJRaspberry Pi Model 2 v1.1© Raspberry Pi 2014http://www.raspberrypi.orgPowerHDMIAudioUSB 2xUSB 2xETHERNETDSI (DISPLAY)CSI (CAMERA)GPIO

让机器人(Robot) 在（大致）一个正方形内行驶：

from gpiozero import Robot, Motor

from time import sleep

robot = Robot(left=Motor(4, 14), right=Motor(17, 18))

for i in range(4):

robot.forward()

sleep(10)

robot.right()

sleep(1)

制作一个带有距离传感器(DistanceSensor)的机器人(Robot)，当物体靠近它 20 厘米以内时，它就会逃跑：

from gpiozero import Robot, Motor, DistanceSensor

from signal import pause

sensor = DistanceSensor(23, 24, max_distance=1, threshold_distance=0.2)

robot = Robot(left=Motor(4, 14), right=Motor(17, 18))

sensor.when_in_range = robot.backward

sensor.when_out_of_range = robot.stop

pause()

组合控制

按钮控制机器人

按钮控制机器人接线图7115510101515202025253030AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJRaspberry Pi Model 2 v1.1© Raspberry Pi 2014http://www.raspberrypi.orgPowerHDMIAudioUSB 2xUSB 2xETHERNETDSI (DISPLAY)CSI (CAMERA)GPIO

将四个 GPIO 按钮用作机器人(Robot)的前进/后退/左转/右转控制器：

from gpiozero import Robot, Motor, Button

from signal import pause

robot = Robot(left=Motor(4, 14), right=Motor(17, 18))

left = Button(26)

right = Button(16)

fw = Button(21)

bw = Button(20)

fw.when_pressed = robot.forward

fw.when_released = robot.stop

left.when_pressed = robot.left

left.when_released = robot.stop

right.when_pressed = robot.right

right.when_released = robot.stop

bw.when_pressed = robot.backward

bw.when_released = robot.stop

pause()

键盘控制机器人

机器人接线图7115510101515202025253030AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJRaspberry Pi Model 2 v1.1© Raspberry Pi 2014http://www.raspberrypi.orgPowerHDMIAudioUSB 2xUSB 2xETHERNETDSI (DISPLAY)CSI (CAMERA)GPIO

使用上/下/左/右键控制机器人(Robot)：

import curses

from gpiozero import Robot, Motor

robot = Robot(left=Motor(4, 14), right=Motor(17, 18))

actions = {

curses.KEY_UP:    robot.forward,

curses.KEY_DOWN:  robot.backward,

curses.KEY_LEFT:  robot.left,

curses.KEY_RIGHT: robot.right,

}

def main(window):

next_key = None

while True:

curses.halfdelay(1)

if next_key is None:

key = window.getch()

else:

key = next_key

next_key = None

if key != -1:

# KEY PRESSED

curses.halfdelay(3)

action = actions.get(key)

if action is not None:

action()

next_key = key

while next_key == key:

next_key = window.getch()

# KEY RELEASED

robot.stop()

curses.wrapper(main)

提示

本教程使用标准的 curses 模块。该模块要求 Python 在终端中运行才能正常工作，因此该方案无法在 IDLE 等环境中运行。

如果你更喜欢在 IDLE 下运行的版本，下面的方案就足够了：

from gpiozero import Robot, Motor

from evdev import InputDevice, list_devices, ecodes

robot = Robot(left=Motor(4, 14), right=Motor(17, 18))

# Get the list of available input devices

devices = [InputDevice(device) for device in list_devices()]

# Filter out everything that's not a keyboard. Keyboards are defined as any

# device which has keys, and which specifically has keys 1..31 (roughly Esc,

# the numeric keys, the first row of QWERTY plus a few more) and which does

# *not* have key 0 (reserved)

must_have = {i for i in range(1, 32)}

must_not_have = {0}

devices = [

dev

for dev in devices

for keys in (set(dev.capabilities().get(ecodes.EV_KEY, [])),)

if must_have.issubset(keys)

and must_not_have.isdisjoint(keys)

]

# Pick the first keyboard

keyboard = devices[0]

keypress_actions = {

ecodes.KEY_UP: robot.forward,

ecodes.KEY_DOWN: robot.backward,

ecodes.KEY_LEFT: robot.left,

ecodes.KEY_RIGHT: robot.right,

}

for event in keyboard.read_loop():

if event.type == ecodes.EV_KEY and event.code in keypress_actions:

if event.value == 1:  # key pressed

keypress_actions[event.code]()

if event.value == 0:  # key released

robot.stop()

提示

本方案使用第三方 evdev 模块。请先使用 sudo pip3 install evdev 安装该库。请注意，evdev 只适用于本地输入设备；本方案无法通过 SSH 运行。

运动传感器机器人

运动传感器机器人接线图7115510101515202025253030AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJRaspberry Pi Model 2 v1.1© Raspberry Pi 2014http://www.raspberrypi.orgPowerHDMIAudioUSB 2xUSB 2xETHERNETDSI (DISPLAY)CSI (CAMERA)GPIO

让机器人在检测到运动时向前驱动：

from gpiozero import Robot, Motor, MotionSensor

from signal import pause

robot = Robot(left=Motor(4, 14), right=Motor(17, 18))

pir = MotionSensor(5)

pir.when_motion = robot.forward

pir.when_no_motion = robot.stop

pause()

或者

from gpiozero import Robot, Motor, MotionSensor

from gpiozero.tools import zip_values

from signal import pause

robot = Robot(left=Motor(4, 14), right=Motor(17, 18))

pir = MotionSensor(5)

robot.source = zip_values(pir, pir)

pause()

电位器

电位器接线图7115510101515202025253030AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJRaspberry Pi Model 2 v1.1© Raspberry Pi 2014http://www.raspberrypi.orgPowerHDMIAudioUSB 2xUSB 2xETHERNETDSI (DISPLAY)CSI (CAMERA)GPIOMCP3008

连续打印连接到 MCP3008 模数转换器的电位计的数值（数值��在 0 和 1 之间）：

from gpiozero import MCP3008

pot = MCP3008(channel=0)

while True:

print(pot.value)

使用 PWM 在 LED 柱状图上显示电位器的值，以表示不会 "填满" LED 的状态：

from gpiozero import LEDBarGraph, MCP3008

from signal import pause

graph = LEDBarGraph(5, 6, 13, 19, 26, pwm=True)

pot = MCP3008(channel=0)

graph.source = pot

pause()

使用 ADC 测量温度

将 TMP36 温度传感器连接到 MCP3008 模数转换器的第一通道：

from gpiozero import MCP3008

from time import sleep

def convert_temp(gen):

for value in gen:

yield (value * 3.3 - 0.5) * 100

adc = MCP3008(channel=0)

for temp in convert_temp(adc.values):

print('The temperature is', temp, 'C')

sleep(1)

3个电位器控制的全彩LED

RTBLED+电位器接线图7115510101515202025253030AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJRaspberry Pi Model 2 v1.1© Raspberry Pi 2014http://www.raspberrypi.orgPowerHDMIAudioUSB 2xUSB 2xETHERNETDSI (DISPLAY)CSI (CAMERA)GPIOMCP3008

连接三个电位器（红、绿、蓝），用每个电位器的值组成 LED 的颜色：

from gpiozero import RGBLED, MCP3008

led = RGBLED(red=2, green=3, blue=4)

red_pot = MCP3008(channel=0)

green_pot = MCP3008(channel=1)

blue_pot = MCP3008(channel=2)

while True:

led.red = red_pot.value

led.green = green_pot.value

led.blue = blue_pot.value

另外，下面的示例与此相同，但使用的是 source 属性而不是 while 循环：

from gpiozero import RGBLED, MCP3008

from gpiozero.tools import zip_values

from signal import pause

led = RGBLED(2, 3, 4)

red_pot = MCP3008(0)

green_pot = MCP3008(1)

blue_pot = MCP3008(2)

led.source = zip_values(red_pot, green_pot, blue_pot)

pause()

定时加热灯

如果您饲养的宠物（如乌龟）需要每天在一定时间内打开保温灯，您可以使用 Energenie Pi-mote 远程控制保温灯，并使用 TimeOfDay 类来控制时间：

from gpiozero import Energenie, TimeOfDay

from datetime import time

from signal import pause

lamp = Energenie(1)

daytime = TimeOfDay(time(8), time(20))

daytime.when_activated = lamp.on

daytime.when_deactivated = lamp.off

pause()

互联网连接状态指示灯

您可以使用一对绿色和红色 LED 灯来指示互联网连接是否正常。只需使用 PingServer �类即可识别 ping 到 baidu.com 是否成功。如果成功，则点亮绿色 LED 灯；如果不成功，则点亮红色 LED 灯：

from gpiozero import LED, PingServer

from gpiozero.tools import negated

from signal import pause

green = LED(17)

red = LED(18)

google = PingServer('baidu.com')

google.when_activated = green.on

google.when_deactivated = green.off

red.source = negated(green)

pause()

CPU温度条形图

您可以使用内置的 CPUTemperature 类读取 Raspberry Pi 自身 CPU 的温度，并将其显示在 LED 的 "条形图" 上：

from gpiozero import LEDBarGraph, CPUTemperature

from signal import pause

cpu = CPUTemperature(min_temp=50, max_temp=90)

leds = LEDBarGraph(2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, pwm=True)

leds.source = cpu

pause()

中文翻译版以英文版相同知识授权方式共享：BSD-3-Clause。交流 Q群：498908352

导入 GPIO Zero​​

引脚编号​​

LED (LED)​​

亮度可变的 LED​​

按钮 (Button)​​

按钮 控制 LED​​

按钮 控制 摄像头​​

关机按钮​​

LED板 (LEDBoard)​​

LED条形图 (LEDBarGraph)​​

LED字符显示屏 (LEDCharDisplay)​​

交通信号灯 (TrafficLights)​​

组合设计​​

按钮定格​​

反应游戏​​

GPIO音乐盒​​

按下时全部打开​​

全彩LED (RGBLED)​​

运动传感器 (MotionSensor)​​

光传感器 (LightSensor)​​

距离传感器 (DistanceSensor)​​

旋转编码器 (RotaryEncoder)​​

伺服 (Servo)​​

电机 (Motor)​​

机器人 (Robot)​​

组合控制​​

按钮控制机器人​​

键盘控制机器人​​

运动传感器机器人​​

电位器​​

使用 ADC 测量温度​​

3个电位器控制的全彩LED​​

定时加热灯​​

互联网连接状态指示灯​​

CPU温度条形图​​